NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES The National Register of Historic Places is the country’s official list of properties deemed worthy of preservation. In Arkansas, the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (AHPP) is charged with the responsibility of nominating to the National Register those properties that meet the necessarily strict requirements. A property (building, structure, object, or site) must be at least 50 years of age and retain as much of its original architectural design and materials as to properly reflect its period of significance. In addition, a property must be significant for one or more of the following criteria: A) association with a significant event or pattern of events in local, state, or national history; B) association with the lives of persons significant in our past whose contributions to local, state, or national history can be identified and documented; C) significant architectural design or method of construction; D) archeological potential to yield information important in prehistory or history. Listing in the National Register is important for a number of reasons in addition to the pride and prestige that comes with this recognition. Technical advice relating to all aspects of restoration, adaptive reuse, and renovation of older structures is available from the AHPP upon request by the owner. Financial incentives, including a 20% investment tax credit, may be available for the rehabilitation of certain commercial, industrial, and residential income-producing properties that have been certified as historic structures. Also, the Tax Treatment Extension Act of 1980 includes provisions regarding donations of conservation easements, which are partial interests of historically important sites or structures. A brochure that describes in greater detail the requirements and effects of listing a property in the National Register of Historic Places is available upon request from the AHPP office . THE NOMINATION PROCESS Below you will find an explanation of the National Register listing process as administrated by the AHPP. I. Determination of Eligibility The enclosed materials include an outline of the information required by the AHPP staff to make a determination of eligibility (DOE). A DOE is the first step in considering a property for listing in the National Register. A thorough and accurate response to this outline will enable the AHPP staff to evaluate the potential eligibility of the property. Once the review is completed (usually within 30 days of receipt), a letter outlining the staff’s determination will be mailed to you. II. Nomination Form After your property has been determined eligible, you will be responsible for completing the National Register nomination form. To assist in this process, the AHPP staff provides two training sessions each year to answer questions and provide instructions on filling out the form. These sessions are held on the fourth Wednesday of April and the Second Wednesday of October at the Tower Building at 323 Center Street in Little Rock. Directions to the tower building and a map will be provided to all who sign up for these sessions, which are free and open to the public. For those who are unable to attend either training session, the AHPP will provide a reading list of the materials explaining how to fill out the National Register form. Constituents also have the option of hiring a contractor to complete their nomination form. A list of qualified contractors is available from the AHPP on request. After the completed nomination form is submitted to the AHPP, it will be edited and returned to you for corrections, if needed. When the National Register form is completed and corrected, the AHPP will notify you in writing and schedule the property for consideration at a future meeting of the State Review Board (SRB). All nominations must be completed and submitted six weeks before the next scheduled meeting of the SRB to be included in that meeting’s agenda. The National Register form is provided on a 3˝” disk that is accessible in Word on most computers that utilize the Microsoft operating systems. Please note that the nomination forms provided are in Microsoft Word; users who utilize either WordPerfect or Corel Word may encounter some issues accessing these documents. You may request hard copies of the nomination forms, if need be. The AHPP recommends that you use this disk if possible, since it will streamline the process of correcting the form. III. Site Visit AHPP staff members will contact you to arrange a site visit to the property at a mutually convenient time, after the draft nomination has been received in the AHPP office. The site visit entails the AHPP staff completing both black-and-white and color slide photography of the building, as well as documenting the building’s architectural layout and features. IV. Presentation to the State Review Board Upon acceptance of a completed nomination by the specified deadline, the staff will schedule the property for presentation to the SRB. The SRB is a governor-appointed group of eleven professionals that must approve the staff’s recommendations before the nomination can be forwarded to the National Register office in Washington, D.C. The staff will prepare a short (usually five to ten minutes in length) presentation with color slides of the property for the SRB meeting. The applicant will receive a notification letter one month prior to the date of this meeting informing him/her of the location and approximate time of day that the property will be presented. Attendance by the applicant is encouraged but voluntary. V. Preparation of Final Nomination Form and Listing After approval by the SRB, the AHPP staff prepares the final nomination, including any changes requested by the board, provided the nomination was submitted on a computer disk (if not on disk, the constituent will be responsible for making all need corrections to the final form). The nomination is then forwarded to the National Register office of the National Park Service in Washington, D.C. A determination will be made by their staff within 45 days of receipt of the nomination. Once official notification of listing is received, the AHPP will notify the applicant of the decision by letter. Upon request, the AHPP can provide owners of listed properties with a Certificate of Listing that is signed by the governor and state historic preservation officer. The AHPP does not automatically provide plaques; however, information on ordering a plaque is available upon request. If you have any questions regarding the National Register nomination process for a cemetery, please contact Sarah Jampole, AHPP, 1600 Tower Building, 323 Center Street, Little Rock, AR 72201, phone: (501) 324-9874 {TDD (501) 324-9811], or send e-mail to sarah@arkansasheritage.org. INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY All responses must be typed on separate sheets of paper. Do not write answers on this questionnaire. An example of a completed response is included. Photographs: Provide high quality color or black-and-white prints of 35-mm. or comparable quality (no digital images or Polaroid "instant" prints, please) of each overall side view so as to convey the entire cemetery. If available, please provide any copies of historic photographs of the cemetery. Please note that your submission can not be reviewed without the requested photographs. *Please do not submit your application in any sort of folder or binder, as our archives are quickly outgrowing available space. Simply staple or paper clip the pages of the application together. Thank you! FOR CEMETERIES: Important: Cemeteries are not normally eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places as they serve primarily as a means of an individual's recognition of family history and as expressions of collective religious and/or ethnic identities. Because cemeteries may embody values beyond personal or family-specific emotions, the National Register criteria allow for listing of cemeteries under certain conditions. A cemetery is eligible if it derives its primary significance from the graves of persons of transcendent importance (of great eminence in their fields of endeavor or had a great impact upon the history of their community, state, or nation), or from its relative age in a particular geographic or cultural context (i.e. oldest cemetery associated with a town or community's original settlement period), or from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events. If you believe the nominated cemetery meets these criteria, please provide the following requested information: 1. Name of Cemetery 2. Address/Location: List the street address, town, and zip code for the cemetery. For rural cemeteries without an address, please provide clear directions to the property and list the nearest town or community. 3. Owner and Mailing Address/Phone Number (please provide all for contact purposes) 4. Nominator and Mailing Address/Phone Number/Email Address (please provide all for contact purposes) 5. Does Nominator have Owner's Permission? Yes or No 6. Total Number of Burials: List the known (or approximate) number of marked burials in the cemetery. Please also list the number of unmarked, but known, burials. 7. Number of Historic Burials: List the approximate number of historic (older than 50 years) burials in the cemetery. *Please keep in mind that non-historic stones marking historic graves may preclude the cemetery from NR listing, as the amount of historic vs. non-historic materials in the cemetery is taken into consideration. 8. Approximate Dates of Historic Burials: Describe the approximate range of burial dates, from the first burial through to the present decade. For example, approximately 30 burials occurred between 1870 and 1879, approximately 15 burials between 1880 and 1889, etc, through to the present decade. Do not combine decades! For clarification, please see the first page of the attached sample. List all unknown and/or unmarked burials at the end of the breakdown by decade. Please also note whether or not burials still occur in the cemetery. 9. Setting and Distinctive Design Features: Describe the overall character of the cemetery. Note specifically any unusual or distinctive gravestones. Also note any non-historic components, in addition to and including grave markers. Describe the entrance(s) into the cemetery, fencing, benches, walls and plantings, especially if they are historic or are decorative in nature. This information should be presented in a narrative form. 10. Historic Context: In a narrative form, provide a history of the surrounding town or community along with a brief biographical sketch of any persons who played a significant role in the community's history who are buried in the cemetery. 11. Bibliography: List the sources of information used in writing the history of the cemetery. Identify the name of books, newspapers, journals, public records, deeds, correspondence, interviews, and other sources. Include dates and use a standard bibliographical style. 12. Legal Property Description: Provide the legal property description as listed on the deed itself (available at the county courthouse and/or from a deed abstract). Be sure to include size/acreage of cemetery. 13. Photographs: Provide color prints of 35-mm. or comparable quality (No Polaroid prints or digital images, please) for each overall side view so as to convey the entire cemetery. Also include sample photographs of the different types of gravestones. We encourage you to send copies (photocopies are okay) of historic photographs, as well. 14. Reference Number: Please include the following reference number on your application to speed processing: Cem-2007. *Please bear in mind that all materials submitted to the AHPP become property of the AHPP and cannot be returned to the owner and/or nominator. Refer to the following seven-page “Sample DoE” submission. Your DoE submission should be similar in presentation, format, content, and scope. SAMPLE—Please use as a guide for format and information presentation 1. Name: Hardy Cemetery Historic Section 2. Location: South Side of Main Street (between Kelly and Cope Avenue), Hardy, Sharp County, Arkansas, 72542 3. Owner: City of Hardy P.O. Box 0 Hardy, AR 70000 870-555-1212 4. Nominator: Norma Nator 100 Main Street Hardy, AR 70000 870-555-2222 Email: notarealemail@abc.net 5. Does Nominator have owner's permission? Yes 6. Total Number of Burials: 322 including at least 26 "Unknown" Graves; 184 are 50 years of age or older. 7. Number of Historic Burials: 184 8. Approximate Dates of Historic Burials: There are 184 historic burials excluding those with unknown death dates or unknown graves as follows: 1888 - 1900 = 21 marked 1901 - 1910 = 23 marked 1911 - 1920 = 20 marked 1921 - 1930 = 27 marked 1931 - 1940 = 42 marked 1941 - 1950 = 38 marked 1951 - 1955 = 13 marked There are an additional 17 MARKED graves most likely buried between 1888 - 1955 with headstones but NO DATES. However, their families buried next to them indicate that they were buried in this era. There are an additional 24 UNKNOWN graves without headstone (no names or dates) which are probably from this era as well, due to the locations of the graves amongst the other old graves and or the age of the cement block, depth of rock or wall etc marking the grave. Non-Historic burials in the Historic Section of the Cemetery from 1956 to present = 97 as follows: 1956 - 1960 = 10 marked 1961 - 1970 = 24 marked 1971 - 1980 = 25 marked 1981 - 1990 = 20 marked 1991 - 2000 = 15 marked 2001 - 2005 = 3 marked In the newest part of the cemetery called the "Biggers Addition" there are 41 burials: 1931 - 1940 = 1 marked 1941 - 1950 = 0 1951 - 1960 = 4 marked 1961 - 1970 = 3 marked 1971 - 1980 = 0 1981 - 1990 = 10 marked 1991 - 2000 = 13 marked 2001- 2005 = 5 marked 5 without dates. Number of the 37 Town Founders buried in Cemetery = 12 There are descendents of at least 18 of the original town founders buried in the cemetery. There are also many people who played an important role in the development of Hardy, as well as their descendents, buried in the cemetery. Throughout the rest of this application, all names with an asterisk ( * ) denotes burial in the Hardy Cemetery. 9. Setting, Age and Description of the Cemetery: The Hardy Cemetery (Arkansas, Fifth Principal Meridian, T19N, RSW, Sec 11), adjacent to the railroad and Spring River, is located on the south side of Main Street at the eastern edge of the Hardy Downtown Historic District (NR listed 9/22/1995) between Kelly and Cope Avenue. The Hardy Cemetery has been in existence since at least 1888 - the date of the first marked burial. It is shown on a drawing representing a 1920 map of the Town of Hardy, which was published in "The Hardy History." The City of Hardy maintains the Hardy Cemetery, cleaning debris, mowing the grass regularly and placing flags on each Veterans Grave during special military holidays. There is no sign or plaque with the Cemetery name at the entrance; however, everyone has always referred to it as "the Hardy Cemetery." If there ever was a sign, it is now long gone. Only two tall and leaning stone structures mark the entrance of the cemetery from the Main Street of Hardy. In the summer, flowering Crepe Myrtle, which was donated by The Hardy Garden Club, surrounds the Cemetery. This club also donated two benches which were placed on both sides of the entrance to the cemetery, each with a plaque beneath that reads "In Memory Of Our Veterans Hardy Garden Club 1999." There are many tall oaks, shrubs and bushes throughout the cemetery. Only residents of Hardy can be buried in the Hardy Cemetery which consists of two parts: the historic section being donated to the Town of Hardy by original landowner and Original Town Founder, Walker Clayton* (1853-1918) who also donated the land to form the Town of Hardy. This section is known locally as "The Old Part" of the Cemetery. This is the section of the Cemetery we wish to nominate to the National Register. The oldest known grave is that of William C. Adams (b. 1/5/1819 d. 5/22/1888). The land may have been donated by Clayton earlier though, possibly around 1883, when the new town was named, as there are many unknown graves, which may possibly date back to that time. The next oldest graves are that of Elta Clayton, (1885-1892), daughter of Walker Clayton and his wife Sarah (Cope) Clayton, followed by Virgil L. Sanders (b. 8/22/1892 d. 10/1/1893), son of Town Founder A.B. Sanders. Many of the graves in the historic section of the Cemetery are so worn as to be fairly noticeable except by a rise or depression in the ground with only a cement block or stone as a marker. These are our "unknown" graves of which we can count 26. There may be more. There are many grave markers in the cemetery that are broken or difficult to read due to their age. However, in the town's early years, no records were kept or were destroyed later by fire. The Town of Hardy suffered a terrible flood in 1911, 1915 and 1982 that swept over the cemetery possibly destroying or at least damaging many of the old headstones. Due to the age and unsure locations of many of the graves, unless previously reserved in a family plot, there are no new burials allowed in the historic section of the Cemetery. As the current mayor, Louis Seibert, told me "We won't allow any burials in the historic section of the Cemetery because we aren't sure if we would unearth an old grave until it is too late." Several of the early graves in the Hardy Cemetery are marked with Woodmen of the World Markers, with some looking like a tree stump. According to Woodmen of the World website www.woodmen.com during the 1920s, the Society stopped providing stone markers to members when the cost of gravestones increased and cemeteries began prohibiting above-ground markers for maintenance reasons. Over the years, the once- popular gravestones have become a rarity. WOW gravestones are still scattered in cemeteries throughout the United States. Another early headstone has a small lamb or dog statue lying down on top of it, and is the grave of Virgie Lee Eady, Born Dec. 10, 1890; Died Aug. 2, 1900. She was the daughter of Hardy Town Founder J.L. Eady and his wife D.T. Eady. There is one unknown grave marked only with a circle of stones to resemble a bowl. Another unknown grave has only the remains of a cement wall surrounding it, while yet another has only a cupid statue to mark the grave. The second and newest part of the cemetery is known as the "Biggers Addition" and was donated to the City of Hardy on Feb. 5th, 1979, by Marvin S. Heath* (1921-1985), Dollie M. Biggers* (1897-2002), Glady's Clear* (1909-1982), and Anne Collins Heath - all heirs of the property which had been previously owned by one of the town founders, Robert S. Biggers* (18651953). These heirs stipulated on the deed itself, that the City of Hardy cannot charge for burial lots nor sell or lease any part of the Biggers Addition of the Hardy Cemetery. This is the area where any new burials will take place, unless previously reserved in a family plot in the historic section of the Cemetery. 10. Historic Context: Walker Clayton (1853-1918)* is considered the original town founder of Hardy and is the first one listed on the Town's Incorporation papers filed in 1894. He was a large landowner and donated the land for the formation of the town of Hardy as well as the Hardy Cemetery. He moved from nearby Ash Flat to the Hardy area about 1883, shortly after his marriage to Sara Louise Cope (1860-1954)*, daughter of William Ammon Cope* (1827-1907) and Hannah Jordan Estes* (1837-1905), when he saw a great business opportunity with the coming of the new Kansas City- Springfield & Memphis Railroad through the area. A name was needed for this new town as the first post office would be opening in 1883, and hence it was named Hardy, after James A Hardy, Jr., a 25-year-old railroad man who saved his boss's life. Hardy, Sharp County Arkansas, was not officially incorporated until July 12, 1894, although a petition for incorporation was submitted to the Sharp County Clerk about 1883. A copy of the Town's Incorporation Papers is attached showing the names of the 37 town founders. Of these people, 12 are buried in the Hardy Cemetery. They are: Walker Clayton, W. L. Biggers, A.P. John, I. W. Walsh, W. L. McGavic, T. H. McCaleb, L.K. McGinnis, W.S. Vanatta, RM. Jackson, Hannah I. Cope, W. P. Vanatta, and I. L. Eady. Descendents of at least 18 of the 37 founders are buried in this cemetery. Two town plat maps were prepared in 1884 and 1885. The first was filed and recorded by Sharp County Clerk I. Wann on Nov. 2, 1884; the other was filed Sept. 2, 1885, by David L. King* (1858-1937), Sharp County Clerk and Treasurer but was not recorded until 1891. Hardy's pioneer families were the Daughertys, Jacksons, Walkers, Clay tons, Turners and Copes. These families or their descendants are buried in the Hardy Cemetery. In 1889, Hardy consisted of the railroad buildings, a general store, drug store, saloon, blacksmith shop, cotton-gin, a school-house, church and Masonic hall combined, and about 20 families. Shortly after Hardy was officially incorporated, it was named the County Seat of the County's Northern District (Evening Shade was the County Seat for the Southern District) until 1964, when Ash Flat became the only county seat for Sharp County). Hardy became the distribution point for produce moving out of Northern Sharp County and for merchandise being shipped into the area. The first substantial businesses were not established until the late 1890s and early 1900s. Early merchants were the Turners, Copes, Clay tons, Biggerses and Jacksons. Later prominent merchants were H. C. Daugherty, the Ritchies*, Eph Rogers*, RE. Billingsley*, Frank Thompson, Ransom Worell, E.R Vance, the Horells, and Ernest Daughtery*. Sharp County's first bank opened in Hardy in 1895, with Walker Clayton as president. By 1900, Hardy had grown to nearly 500. By 1930, the population was 508; by 1940, it had reached 720. World War II however, had an impact on the town and by the end of 1949, the population had decreased to 587. Nearby retirement communities were established in the mid-1950s, and by 1980, Hardy's population had reached over 700. Hardy's first newspaper, The Hardy Herald, and started by Trez Hynson appeared in 1891. Other owners over the years were Judge Boen Phillips* (1843-1934) and Ernest D. Viner* (19071952). Claude Coger, Sr., operated The Hardy Herald for about eight years until he died in 1928, and according to his grandson, was "a sort of legend in his area for crisp, incisive editorials, and no-nonsense news coverage of his community." His son, Claude "Bill" Coger, Jr., ran a weekly newspaper in Hardy. Bill's wife Lillian* died at the age of 91. Early prominent Hardy lawyers include E.D. Viner (who practiced law from the mid 20s until his death in 1952), David King (both mentioned earlier) and Sidney Kelley* (1885-1951) who was also the City Attorney during the 1930s and 1940s. The first hotel was the Billingsley Hotel, owner and operated by Mr. Robert Billingsley and his wife Josephine * (1869-1925) but this hotel burned down in the 1920s. The hotel remaining longest in continuous operation was the Weaver Hotel, an eight room building constructed about 1900, by the Mary Irene (Mollie) Biggers* widow of William Biggers* (1860-1898) at a cost of about $1000 which she received from the sale of her farm on Forty Islands Creek to Walker Clayton. This hotel burned in the mid-1940s. The first eating establishment opened about 1900, was Parkers Soup Kitchen, operated by Bob Parker* (1866-1939). Mrs. Sarah Louisa (Cope) Clayton* (1860-1954), wife of Walker Clayton, was the oldest member of the Eastern Star in Arkansas, the first president of the State School Improvement Association, and a forerunner of the Parent Teacher's Association. Her Grandfather, Andy William Cope came to Ash Flat from North Carolina about 1850. She, as well as her father William Ammon Cope* (1827-1907) and mother, town founder Hannah J. Cope* (1837-1905), are buried in the Hardy Cemetery. The Daughtery family has lived in Sharp County since 1861. Cass Daugherty and Robert M. Daughtery both moved closer to Hardy from Ash Flat in 1886. Hardy Daugherty* (1884-1942), son of Cass, was named after the new town of Hardy. Mattie Emily (Clayton) Daugherty* (1892-1990) was a Hardy schoolteacher before her marriage on April 21, 1919, to Hubert C. Daugherty* (1880-1951) who was born in Ash Flat and moved to Hardy in 1886. Hubert was Mayor of Hardy in 1917. William Thornsbury Horn* (1862 -1963) born in Cave City married Flora Bell Ball.* He was Cave City Postmaster in 1900, and Sharp County Assessor for four years. He was County Judge in 1916, when he moved to Hardy. William R. Hastings* (1870-1851) moved from Franklin to Hardy in 1903. He built a Livery Stable and rented out horses, which was a very important and needed business in those days. Buried in this cemetery are many of the original town founders, landowners and business people as well as many of their mothers, fathers, siblings and descendents. Some of these family's descendents are still living in Hardy today. The Hardy Cemetery Historic Section is and has always been maintained by the City of Hardy. The Hardy Garden Club has donated flowers, shrubs and benches to try to adorn and beautify the cemetery. Many of the members have family buried there or will be buried there themselves someday and it is with much pride but little money that they have to try to keep it up. The cemetery is located on the edge of Main Street, which attracts visitors from all over the country. Anyone walking through the Historic District or driving through the town has to pass the Hardy Cemetery. Much can be learned about the History of Hardy by taking a walk into the cemetery and studying the names of those buried there. 11. Bibliography: * "The Hardy History" by the Timely Club printed 1980. * "Batesville Guard" June 10, 1948. * Arkansas Land Records; Bureau of Land Management "Land Patents." * Special Collections, Dept. of the University of Arkansas Libraries: R. S. Biggers Papers Letters, 1929-1940 Manuscript Collection 614. * "Gazette Project Interview with Fred Coger," March 6, 2000. * Social Security Death Index. * "Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Northeast Arkansas". Chicago: Goodspeed Publishers, 1889. * 1900 US Federal Census. * Obituary Walker Clayton; Newspaper Article Mattie Emily Daugherty from the "Fred Daugherty Collection" given to Sharp County Library 1998. * Moore, Caruth Shaver "Early History of Evening Shade and Sharp County" 1979. * "History of Hardy" by Juanita Reese Feb 13, 1970. * "State of Arkansas, Incorporation of Hardy" Document provided by Hardy City Hall. 12. Legal Property Description: The Historic Section of the Cemetery is 0.51 of an acre in part of the S 1/2/NE 1/4 Section 11, TI9N, R5W. The Biggers Addition is part of the SW 1,4 of NE 1,4 of Section 11, Twp. 19 North, Range 5 West as per attached Warranty Deed. The whole cemetery is adjacent to the railroad and Spring River, is located on the south side of Main Street at the eastern edge of the Hardy Downtown Historic District between Kelly and Cope Avenue. 13. Photographs: Name of Property: Hardy Cemetery County & State: Sharp County, Arkansas Name of Photographer: Norma L. Nator Date of Photographs: August 15, 2007 Location of Negatives: On CD disk in the possession of Norma L. Nator Number of photographs included = 26 Photos 1 - 11 : See attached plat map of Hardy Cemetery for locations of these photos taken 14. Reference Number: Cem-2007 Other Attachments: * Copy of Plat Map of the Cemetery including the Biggers Addition. * Copy of Page 14 from "The Hardy History" showing Hardy in 1920 which shows the Hardy Cemetery in relation to the rest of the businesses and buildings in the town. * Copy of Page from "The Hardy History" showing Map of Hardy including the cemetery. * Map of Hardy from Arkansas State Highway And Transportation Dept. showing location of Hardy Cemetery dated July 2004. * Historic Burials in the Hardy Cemetery - by Norma L. Nator (sources listed under Section 11: Bibliography). NOTE If you have any questions regarding the National Register and nomination process for cemeteries, please do not hesitate to contact the Sarah Jampole, AHPP, 1600 Tower Building, 323 Center Street, Little Rock, AR 72201, phone: (501) 324-9874. TDD (501) 324-9811. E-mail: sarah@arkansasheritage.org Please send your Determination of Eligibility application to the above postal mail address. Thank you! ARKANSAS HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM 1500 Tower Building * 323 Center * Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 * Phone (501) 324-9880 Fax (501) 324-9184 * TDD (501) 324-9811 A Division of the Department of Arkansas Heritage